Introduction
Smart farming is a management concept that provides the agricultural industry the framework to grasp advanced applications – containing extensive information, the cloud, and the internet of things (IoT) – for following, observing, self-operating, and examining actions under IoT solutions.
Smart farming is expanding in importance due to the growing worldwide population, the rising demand for excessive crop yield, the requirement to use natural resources expertly, the increasing use and composure of information and interaction technology, and the rising need for climate-smart agriculture under IoT solutions.
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Smart farming techniques
Smart farming includes the utilization of techniques such as:
- Sensors are used for soil scanning and water, light, humidity, and temperature management.
- Telecommunications –Technologies such as advanced networking and GPS.
- Hardware and software are used for specific automation. And for allowing IoT-based solutions, robotics, and automation.
- Data analytics tools are used for decision-making and divination. Data collection is an exciting part of Smart farming as the quantity of data available from crop yields, soil mapping, climate change, fertilizer applications, weather data, machinery, and animal health continues to expand under IoT solutions.
- Satellites –Satellites, and drones gather information around the clock for an entire area. This data is delivered to IT systems for tracking and examining to give an “eye in the field” that makes remote monitoring practicable under IoT solutions.
The combination of these technologies facilitates machine-to-machine derived data.
For example, by explicitly measuring variations within a field and adapting the strategy accordingly, farmers can significantly enhance the validity of pesticides and fertilizers and utilize them more sensibly under IoT solutions.
Similarly, Smart farming technology assists farmers in better observing the requirements of individual animals and balancing their nutrition to avoid disease and increase herd fitness under IoT solutions.
IoT solutions to agricultural issues
Many believe IoT can add value to all farming areas, from cultivating crops to forestry. At the same time, there are various ways that IoT can improve farming.
Precision Farming
Precision Farming is an umbrella theory for IoT-based approaches that make farming more controlled and accurate. In simple language, plants and cattle get the treatment they need, determined by machines with superhuman accuracy under IoT solutions.
The most significant difference from the classical approach is that precision farming allows decisions to be made per square meter or plant/animal rather than for a field under IoT solutions.
Precision Livestock Farming
As in the state of precision agriculture, Smart farming applications enable farmers to monitor individual animals’ needs better and alter their nutrition accordingly, thereby avoiding disease and increasing herd fitness under IoT solutions.
Large farm holders can use wireless IoT applications to monitor their cattle’s location, well-being, and health. With this data, they can examine sick animals so that they can be isolated from the herd to avoid an increase in infection under IoT solutions.
Automation in Smart Greenhouses
Traditional greenhouses handle the environmental parameters through manual interruption or a proportional control device, which often affects production loss and energy loss, and enhance labor cost under IoT solutions.
IoT-driven Smart greenhouses can intelligently monitor and check the climate, eliminating the requirement for the manual interruption. Various sensors are placed on computing the environmental parameters according to the crop’s specific needs under IoT solutions. The information is stored in a cloud-based platform for further processing and handled with minimal manual interruption under Smart farming.
Agricultural Drones
Agriculture is one of the significant verticals to incorporate ground-located and aerial drones for crop health evaluation, fertilization, crop observing, crop spraying, cultivating, soil and field inspection, and other domains under IoT solutions.
The IoT-Based Smart farming circle
The key to IoT is the information you can draw from things and transfer over the internet. To develop the farming procedure, IoT appliances established on a farm should assemble and process information in a continual cycle that allows farmers to respond immediately to growing problems and changes in context situations under IoT solutions. Smart farming pursues a Cycle as follows:
Observation – Sensors note observational information from the crops, livestock, soil, or atmosphere.
Diagnostics – The sensor values are fed to a cloud-hosted IoT platform with predefined decision rules and models – also called “business logic” – that ascertain the condition of the examined object and identify any deficiencies or needs under IoT solutions.
Decisions – After issues are revealed, the IoT platform’s user and machine learning-driven ingredients decide whether location-specific treatment is compulsory and, if so, which.
Action – After end-user appraisal and step, the cycle repeats from the beginning under IoT solutions.
IoT-based Smart farming doesn’t only point to large-scale farming functions. It can add value to growing movements in agriculture like organic farming and family farming, including breeding particular cattle under Smart farming. And growing specific cultures, preserving distinct or high-quality varieties, and enhancing highly transparent agriculture to consumers, society, and market consciousness under IoT solutions.
